Would states be able to use traditional at-large voting and manipulate election results?
No. States will be able to use multi-member districts if and only if they use a proportional or semi-proportional voting system. The highest permitted threshold of representation (i.e., the maximum percentage of votes a candidate can obtain without winning) is one-third of votes cast. States could establish a threshold of representation lower than one-third of votes. Given that at least two-thirds of voters will always be able to elect candidates, partisan manipulation of reapportionment would be more difficult than with single-member district systems in which only one-half of voters are always able to elect candidates. Would multi-seat districts make campaigns harder and more expensive? No. Proportional systems in fact would minimize the electoral impact of campaign spending. Candidates would be able to win with a lower percentage of votes. In district elections with a 50% threshold, most money is spent on the relatively few “swing voters” who are willing to vote for either major part
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