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What types of environmental media can SPMDs sample?

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What types of environmental media can SPMDs sample?

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10

SPMDs can be used to sample air (vapor phase), water (surface and groundwater), and sediment-soil (pore-water and soil vapor phase). They have been used in environments from the tropics to the Arctic and Antarctic, and in highly turbulent systems to stagnant backwater areas. In general, water quality parameters do not affect SPMD sampling of solutes, but in some cases (e.g., pH and DOC) may affect the amount of chemical available for uptake.

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