What is a synchronous motor?
A synchronous motor is one that consists of a DC powered magnetic field rotor. Once the motor is started, the DC field follows the rotating AC electromagnetic fields in the stator. Therefore, the mechanical speed is going to be synchronous with the line frequency. For example, a 2 magnetic pole rotor has a mechanical speed of 3600 rpm. For a 4 pole motor, the mechanical speed is 1800 rpm. Since the mechanical speed is synchronous to the electrical frequency, the motor is called a synchronous motor. These types of motors cannot be treated because by increasing or decreasing the intensity of these rotating DC field, power factor can be adjusted to unity.