How do IUDs Work?
IUDs or intrauterine devices are a type of birth control method with a high rate of success in preventing unwanted pregnancies. There are two types present on the market, the standard IUDS are T-shaped devices covered with coiled copper that are inserted directly into the uterus. The insertion process means dilating the cervix, in a doctor’s office, so that the device can be fitted into the uterus. It can be an uncomfortable procedure, producing heavier periods thereafter, and runs some risk of pelvic inflammatory disease and of infection. This risk is minimal, and most women tolerate IUDs very well. They are very popular forms of birth control in European countries and in China. The second type of IUD is sometimes called an intrauterine system or IUS. The blockage mechanism is approximately the same but the device also releases a steady flow of progestin, which helps to chemically lower chances of pregnancy. It tends to reduce frequency, length, and heaviness of periods, in contrast t
Scientists aren’t sure why the IUD is such an effective method of birth control. It was once thought that, as foreign objects, they produced an inflammatory response in the uterus that disrupted the implantation of a fertilized egg, but researchers haven’t been able to prove this theory. In fact, when they look for fertilized eggs in the fallopian tubes of IUD users, they rarely find them. These studies should help ease the minds of women who are opposed to methods which prevent pregnancy by aborting a fertilized egg. Now more researchers are fairly certain that IUDs are spermicidal. The inflammatory response may be enough to kill sperm before they ever get into the fallopian tubes to fertilize an egg. The three IUDs currently available in the United States both have added pregnancy-preventing characteristics. The Copper-T 380A, or ParaGard, is a T-shaped device with copper wire wound around the stem and copper tubing on the arms of the T. The frame also contains barium sulfate so that
IUDs work by preventing fertilization of an egg. Recent research suggests they may do this by changing the way the sperm and eggs move. IUDs also affect the lining of the uterus in ways that prevent a woman from getting pregnant and also cause the cervix mucus to thicken. The Mirena® IUD may also suppress the release of an egg. How Well do IUDs Work? With normal use, the IUD has a success rate of 99%. It starts working as soon as it is put in. Careful monthly checking for the IUD strings is vital. You should call your clinic if the string is missing or if it is longer than before. How is an IUD put in? You will need a recent Pap smear and pelvic exam. An IUD must be prescribed and placed by a health care provider. This is most often done during a woman’s period when she is not likely to be pregnant. The cervix is also softer at this time. It can be put in anytime if the woman is known not to be pregnant. An IUD can also be placed 6 weeks after giving birth. It is safe in women who brea
