ARE ALL STANDARDIZED TESTS NORM-REFERENCED?
There are also fair, reliable, and valid standardized tests that are not norm-referenced. For example, criterion-referenced tests go through the same initial process of collaboration between curriculum and measurement experts to identify necessary skills and knowledge and to develop test questions. Then the curriculum experts define what or how many questions should be answered correctly to demonstrate grade-level mastery. This is much like an individual teachers classroom test, but vastly enhanced through the input of widely recognized curriculum experts, standardization of the tests presentation, and verification of its stability, fairness, and accuracy so that results can be compared from one administration to another.
