Would filling the space of the casing outside of a CPS bladder with pressurized air give the gun extra power?
Assuming you have sealed off the CPS chamber, yes, the maximum possible pressure will be increased. However, the technique defeats the purpose of the CPS (constant pressure system), as it causes the pressure to change depending on how full a the bladder is, as with an air pressure water gun. Pressurized air may also contribute to excessive rubber bladder wear.