With the children, is it primarily birth defects (congenital)?
Because a lot are congenital, does that mean the surgeries you perform are usually done on infants? The problems are usually diagnosed within the first few weeks, and depending on the location and the amount of problems that the defect is causing, will determine if we will fix it early or if we can wait. Sometimes we can wait a few years. Are there things a pregnant mother can do to prevent heart defects in her baby? Certainly avoiding smoking and drinking alcohol during pregnancy is important. And, if they are on certain medications, they need to disclose that with the doctor to see if it’s safe to continue taking those medications to avoid the baby developing abnormalities. But in general, most are not preventable and just happen. You mentioned open-heart surgeries and closed-heart surgeries. Can you discuss the differences? The main difference between the two is if you need a heart-lung machine to do the operation. It doesn’t mean that you open the heart, but that you need to make c
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