With pressed high energy magnets, the orientation is not perfectly parallel or perpendicular to the pressing direction, why?
Orientation is induced by pressing the parts in a magnetic field. The magnetic field is generated by a pair of coils, one on each side of the part. High pressures are used to make the parts so the powders cannot “flow” much in the die cavity, which results in some degree of uneven compression in the parts. Even though the orienting coils are in very good mechanical alignment, a variation in density results in an inhomogenous distribution of energy capacity. Upon magnetizing, this reflects itself as a magnetic moment with the average properties of the part volume, and the effective external magnetic field alignment can differ from that intended. Only coils with the Helmholtz geometry (mean coil radius = mean coil spacing) generate a very uniform orienting field. This would require coils typically much larger than the space available. The net result is that less than optimal coils must be used and the orienting field curves away from the centerline of the part being pressed. This does no
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