Will universal health coverage come with penalties for non-compliance?”
This is all a sop to the insurance companies to keep them on the sidelines as long as possible. I don’t think it is practical, not does it give you universal health care. I believe that the waste in the system, if eliminated, could easily pay for the uninsured. Single-payer is the only answer — get rid of the insurance companies. They serve no useful purpose; they are parasites, sucking resources that could be used for better patient care. Anything else is meatball surgery on the system.