Will a aircraft flying in the same direction of the earths rotation reach a destination faster?
Direction of flight does not matter. What matters is wind speed and its direction. Since an aircraft is ‘immersed’ in the atmosphere and the atmosphere moves with the earth, the rotation of the earth has no effect. Either you are traveling with the wind, which raises your ground speed, or against the wind, which slows your ground speed. The former will get you there faster while the latter gets you there slower. Commercial airliners use the upper atmosphere winds (jet stream) to their advantage. Since the jet stream flows from west to east, flights in that direction tend to be faster.
No because flying either way the aircraft will be moving relative to the earth’s surface. You are thinking of orbital space flight. Which is why many satellites and the space shuttle are launched towards the east, with the earth’s rotation. That extra 1,000 mph boost becomes relevant. It requires less fuel than if it were launched to the west. An airplane flying east or west at the same speed will reach its destination at the same elapsed time. (not accounting for wind direction). With a satellite the reference point is an object in space (in orbit around a planet, that object is the earth). The reference point for an airplane is the surface of the earth.
