Why were China and Japan more successful than the two Muslim empires in holding the Europeans at bay?
-China – isolated themselves from Europe entirely, internal economy (similar pattern of open-to-close-back to open economy as Japan) -Ming: trade important, rich merchants and poor gov., gov regulated trade…shut down international trade and LARGE internal economy arose ” -Qing: took over after Ming, wI Mandate of Heaven-Divine Right -Japan – isolated themselves, let Europe in, felt pressures, semi-isolated themselves; Shogunate = military absolutist Gov. (while open trade with Euro), country thrived under Tokagawa Family of rulers (during latter isolation pd) -Ottomans – foreign merchants, traded with France (not regulated by Gov), lost $ blc traded raw for manufactured materials, over expansion and shift of trade weakened the central gov.
