Why was the name of The Land of Canaan/Israel/Judea changed to Palestine?
This was part of the effort by the Roman Empire to erase the land and its memory. (A tactic that had worked for the Romans in Carthage centuries earlier) The Romans destroyed the cities of Israel and built Roman-pagan cities on top of them (e.g. Jerusalem into Aelia Capitolina). Arabs did not come into Israel in any significant way until the Islamic invasions of the 7th century.