Why light is getting refracted when it travels from one medium to another medium?
Photons of light travel slower through different mediums. Essentially, as an electromagnetic wave, it is repelled slightly as it approaches the electron clouds around the atoms. The amount of slowing is determined by how dense the atoms are, how they are arranged, the wavelength of the light, etc. For example, the speed of light in a vacuum is 186k miles per second. In water visible light only travels 140k; glass 125k; diamonds 78k; and in ruby only 190 feet per second. Now a beam of light is a series of photons traveling ‘next’ to each other. When the photons reach a different medium (say glass) they start slowing down. However, if the medium is at a non-right angle to their direction of travel the photons on one side will reach the medium first and slow down before those on the other side of the beam. This causes the direction of the beam to change. Imagine you have a group of soldiers marching a breast. You draw a line across each row of soldiers. The direction of travel is at 90 de
