Why is there so much concern about the current outbreaks of HPAI H5N1?
Public health officials are alarmed by the unprecedented outbreaks in poultry for several reasons. First, most – but not all – of the major outbreaks recently reported in Asia have been caused by the HPAI H5N1 strain. There is mounting evidence that this strain has a unique capacity to jump the species barrier and cause severe disease, with high mortality, in humans. A second and even greater concern is the possibility that the present situation could give rise to another influenza global epidemic (a pandemic) in humans. Scientists know that avian and human influenza viruses can exchange genes when a person is simultaneously infected with viruses from both species. This process of gene swapping inside the human body can give rise to a completely new subtype of the influenza virus to which few, if any, humans would have natural immunity. Moreover, existing vaccines, which are developed each year to match presently circulating strains and protect humans during seasonal epidemics, would n
