Why is the electron transport chain required?
NADH can directly give the electrons to oxygen, so why doesnt NADH do that? o to avoid loss of energy as heat. Electrochemical proton gradient drives other transport processes: 1. Pyruvate and Pi 2. ADP transported 3. Bacteria: proton gradient is used to rotate the bacterial flagellum. Chloroplast and photosynthesis Photosynthesis: 1. Carried out by 2. Occurs in 3. Uses electrons from water and energy from sunlight to convert atmospheric CO2 to organic compounds producing molecular O2 Similarities and difference between chloroplasts and mitochondria (Fig. 14-31) 1. Chloroplasts (2-4 m wide and 5-10 m long) larger than mitochondria (0.5 – 1 m diameter). 2. They are organized in the same manner: Outer membrane Inner membrane Intermembrane space These two membranes together form the chloroplast envelope. 3. Chloroplasts contain a third membrane (thylakoid membrane) Thylakoids are arranged in stacks called grana Thylakoid membrane contains the light-capturing systems, electron transport ch
