Why is SID considered an independent variable?
The components (ie the strong ions) which are used to calculate the SID are not altered by any of the reactions in the system. None of these ions are produced or consumed. The concentrations are imposed on the solution from outside and are controlled by outside mechanisms. The kidney is the most important regulator of most of these ion concentrations. Inorganic strong ions (eg Na+, Cl-) are mostly absorbed from the gut and control is mostly by variations in renal excretion due to various control systems in the body. Organic strong ions (eg lactate, keto-anions) are produced by metabolism and may be metabolised in the tissues or excreted in the urine. However, their concentrations in most body fluids are not dependent on the reactions within the solution but are regulated by mechanisms external to the system. The derived value SID is used because it is a term which arises in the equation for electrical neutrality and allows us to lump together all the independent concentrations in the f
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