Why is oestrogen important for vaginal health?
The vaginal area needs adequate levels of oestrogen to maintain healthy tissue. The vagina’s epithelium, or lining, contains oestrogen receptors which when stimulated by the hormone, keep the walls thick and elastic. When circulating oestrogen decreases, the vaginal lining becomes thinner and drier. A healthy vagina is naturally acidic, but with menopause it may develop a higher pH (become more alkaline) which leaves women more susceptible to urinary tract infections. The vulval area also changes with ageing, as fatty tissue reduces and the labia majora (outer lips of the vagina) and the hood of skin covering the clitoris may contract. If sensitive areas become more exposed, chafing can occur. Pelvic floor muscles become weaker and urination may become more frequent and difficult to control.
