Why is embryonic stem cell research confused with human (or reproductive) cloning?
Cloning is when cells are copied so that their genetic material, or DNA, matches exactly. Embryonic stem cell research utilizes a process called therapeutic cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), to copy cells with the goal of making stem cells to better treat and cure people with serious diseases and injuries. Using SCNT, scientists can produce embryonic stem cells without using sperm to fertilize an egg. In this process, there is no implantation in a uterus and therefore no pregnancy. Reproductive cloning copies cells with the goal of making a cloned living being (i.e. human, animal). This type of cloning uses an egg which is stimulated to convert to a blastocyst and then implanted in a uterus. Nearly all scientists and physicians agree that human reproductive cloning is unethical and should not be done. In California and many other states, it is illegal to clone a human being.
