Why does the Claude Bernard – Horner (CBH) syndrome appear?
This syndrome can appear in cases where the dissection of the chain is pushed towards the top towards the T1 ganglia (which, when fusioning with the superior cervical ganglia forms the stellate ganglia). There is an anatomic situation where the inferior cervical ganglia fusionate inferiorly not only with the thoracic ganglia T1 but also with the T2 or T3 ganglia (the last ones being directly involved in the apparition of axillary and palmar hyperdrosis). The realization of the operation in these cases also means the apparition of CBH syndrome. There are no ways of diagnosing these anatomical variants preoperatory or intraoperatory.
