Why do the sensors have different numbers of wires?
The sensor on your vehicle will have different numbers of wires according to which type of sensor it is. Single wire sensors are the earliest and most basic type of sensor with only a single signal wire. The sensor gets its operating heat from the exhaust gases themselves, and has a return ground (or if you prefer – earth, negative, 0v) path through the exhaust and manifold to the engine. Two wire sensors have an extra ground path down one of the wires. There can be a surprising amount of voltage difference between earth points on a car, and supplying 0v through a separate wire reduces the amount of noise in the signal, caused by for example rusty manifold bolts or poor engine earth connections. Three wire sensors have a signal wire and two heater wires. This brings the sensor up to operating temperature quickly and keeps it there even when the exhaust is running cool, for example during idling. Four wire sensors have an additional ground as described for the two wire, and also a heate
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