Why did EPA use the exposure scenario of the child swimmer to develop the human health benchmarks?
The selection of a child swimmer scenario is a conservative approach and helps to ensure that the human health benchmarks are protective of the population as a whole as well as the most sensitive populations that may potentially be exposed. Children may be more sensitive to chemicals than adults. This is due to the fact that children absorb more of the chemical, relative to body weight, than adults and have developing organ systems that are more vulnerable and less able to detoxify chemicals. Do these benchmarks consider health effects of chemicals that are found in crude oil? The human health benchmarks were developed for compounds that are commonly found in crude oil. The benchmarks represent water concentrations of individual chemicals that, if not exceeded, are considered acceptable for the exposure situation presented. These values were derived using toxicity information from studies of the individual chemicals. Toxicity information for the complex and varied mixture of chemicals
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