Why did astronomers think there was water on mars?
There are several reasons for this belief. One is the formation of microscopic rocks on the surface, which is usually an indicator. There are also grooves on the planets surface that appear to be dried up river beds. Also, the planet used to be much warmer. There are polar ice caps just like on Earth. It is believed there is enough ice in these caps to cover the entire planet of Mars in 11 meters of water if they were to be melted.