Why are there multiple records and duplicate flags for the WMO station IDs in GHCN?
Are the methods for combining the station records biasing the surface trends Yes. Jeff Id, using methods developed by Roman M, demonstrated that the CRU method of station combination introduces a slight cooling bias. GISTEMP’s method of taking the means of latitudinal weighted zones leads to cooler record than CRU’s method of using weighted cells within hemispheres.