Who took performance-enhancing drugs and how often?
This question has left the world of German sports deeply divided. The soccer world listens to Franz Beckenbauer. His nickname, “der Kaiser” (the Emperor), is widely used in Germany and by fans in other countries. So when, after Germany’s World Cup victory in Rome on July 8, 1990, the Kaiser prophesied that the German soccer team would be unbeatable, people took seriously the shocking prospect of a new soccer superpower. “When the talent from the East is added,” Beckenbauer, the team’s manager, declared, “no one will be able to beat us for years. I’m sorry for the rest of the world!” In Germany at least, no one doubted the prediction would come true. This included German politicians and sports officials, who must have had at least an inkling about the darker side of the East German athletic legacy. But they looked the other way – they had bigger plans. The unification of the East and West German athletic systems was considered an exceptional case in the grand process of unification. For
