Who is responsible (primary, contributors) for the theory/models/strategy and what are its antecedents?
Problem-Based Learning (PBL) was first introduced as an innovative medical education curriculum. At the McMaster University Faculty of Health Science, the PBL approach was used throughout its entire three-year curriculum (Barrows, 1996). The curriculum has been organized in sequential units with early exposure to patients and case management. After McMaster’s example, two medical schools, one Maastricht and the other in Newcastle, developed problem-based learning curricula. What are the major literature citations exemplifying these ideas? Barrows (1986) categories PBL methods combining major variables in PBL, the design and format of the problems, and the degree to which learning is teacher-directed or student-directed. His classification indicates how the problem can be presented in the case format indifferent PBL method varieties. • Lecture-based cases: cases are used to demonstrate the relevance of the information in lectures. • Case-based lectures: cases or case vignettes are prese
