Which types of nozzles are recommended for canopy penetration and/or effective application?
Flat-fan or double flat-fan nozzles are recommended. Nozzles that can apply 15 to 20 GPA and produce medium droplet size (200 to 300 microns) are required to penetrate the canopy and adequately cover the leaf surface. Fine to very fine droplets, like those produced with hollow cone nozzles, will not penetrate the canopy and are prone to drift. Large droplets will not give adequate coverage of the leaf, may bounce off leaves, and are more likely to miss the target and land on the ground.