When are criticals figured for capital ships, at the end of the round or at the end of each phase in the combat round?
Criticals for ships are determined at the end of the turn, after all damage resolution is completed (page 27), technically in the “Adjust Ship Systems” step of the Sequence of Play. Some players roll them as soon as damage is scored, so as not to forget, but their effects would not be felt until the end of the turn.