What would happen to the variance estimates if standard statistical software for simple random samples is used?
In a complex sample survey setting such as NHANES, variance estimates computed using standard statistical software packages that assume simple random sampling are generally too low and therefore biased. As a result, significance levels are overstated and type I error is more likely to occur. This is because these software packages do not account for the differential weighting and the correlation among sample persons within a cluster.
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