What were Native American responses to loss of land and declining population?
Cultural renewal, formation of confederacies. Tecumseh (Shooting Star) commanded a confederation of Native American tribes after 1794. Tecumseh, a Shawnee, was born in March 1768, on the Mad River near the present-day city of Springfield, Ohio. He was a brother to Tenskwatawa (The Shawnee Prophet). Tecumseh took part in the war of retaliation in 1780, waged because of the murder of Chief Cornstalk as he was attempting to negotiate with white men. A brave, skilled fighter, Tecumseh was known for his opposition to unnecessary, arbitrary killing. He led several raids against the encroaching white settlers, often with his Creek and Cherokee neighbors. Tecumseh participated in the Battle of Fallen Timbers, but refused to sign the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. With his brother, a respected preacher of the Shawnee people, Tecumseh traveled among the tribes of the region to set forth a doctrine that the lands of the Northwest Territory belonged to a single Indian Nation and that negotiated bor
