What Underlies Quantum Mechanics?
There are lots of hypotheses on the nature of the underlying reality described statistically by quantum mechanics. • Some scientists are content with the hypothesis that there is no more subtle structure than the probability waves described by quantum mechanics; and reality, at its most basic level, has a large amount of randomness whose limits are described by the quantum mechanical wave function, making the wave function itself the fundamental reality. This is called the probability doctrine. It asserts that such indetermination is a property inherent in nature and not merely a profession of our temporary ignorance, from which we expect to be relieved by a future better and more complete theory [2]. • Einstein speculated that there must be some underlying mechanism, some hidden variables, that uniquely determines the outcome of the interactions quantum theory can only statistically predict. • J.S. Bell showed mathematically that, if such a mechanism exists, and the math of quantum me
