What types of scales were involved in the various tests and methods of assessment that you considered in selecting the instruments and diagnostic frameworks that you used in the case at hand?
Different forms of measurement use different scales. The scales can refer to scores on a test or to the categories into which test responses fall. There are four basic types of scales. The first type of scale is termed nominal. As the Latin root (nomen, meaning “name”) from which we derive a number of similar English words (e.g., nominate, denomination, and nomenclature) implies, nominal scales simply provide names to two or more different categories, types, kinds, or classes. A two-category nominal scale might be invented to describe the various individuals in a courtroom: participants and observers. The same population might be described using a more detailed nominal scale with categories such as jurors, prosecution team, defense team, and so on. Note that the categories are listed in no particular order. Assigning an individual to a particular group on a nominal scale indicates only that the individual is in a group that is different from the others. If placement of an individual (
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