What treatments are proven effective against hyperpigmentation?
In general, several treatments have been established in independent scientific research studies to be effective against hyperpigmentation, including: *0.01% fluocinolone, 4% hydroquinone, and 0.05% tretinoin (as found in TriLuma; FDA approved for the treatment of melasma, available by prescription). *2% kojic acid, 10% glycolic acid and 2% hydroquinone (has been established to have higher efficacy than 10% glycolic acid and 2% hydroquinone without kojic acid). All three ingredients are found in Peter Thomas Roth Ultra Gentle Skin Lightening Gel Complex, with 2% hydroquinone and unknown concentrations of kojic acid and glycolic acid, and Age Advantage Laboratories Spot Life Serum, although the concentrations of all three ingredients are not known in the product. *2% hydroquinone (over-the-counter strength) and 4% hydroquinone (by prescription). *5% (or greater) L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), although substantially less than 4% hydroquinone. In general, based on the review, it may be infer
