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What stimulus current is needed for atrial pacing from the esophagus?

April 26, 2017atrial esophagus needed pacing stimulus

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What stimulus current is needed for atrial pacing from the esophagus?

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The threshold current for atrial pacing varies with positioning of esophageal electrodes and patient body size. With proper positioning (above), atrial pacing is achieved with currents between 5-25 mA (Roth et al, Atlee et al, Benson et al, Buchanan et al).