What specific teaching strategies or techniques can be used to increase fluency?
Fluency may be taught using approaches that include the repeated reading of passages of text, words from texts, and other text units. (Brock, 1998; Meyer, 1982; McKane & Greene, 1996; Tan, Moore, Dixon, & Nicholson, 1994) Several studies, all discussed above, have used repeated reading to improve student fluency. Students read the same text several times until they are able to read it rapidly and accurately. These studies, two experimental and two non-experimental, differ in the type of text they focus on during fluency instruction: whole passages of text, isolated words, or a mixture of text types. More research is needed to determine which of these may be more effective. In the approach that focuses on re-reading passages of text, adult learners were taught how to read passages of text out loud (orally) while listening to them on audiotape (Meyer, 1982). Although the texts were challenging, one grade level above a learner’s reading grade level, listening provided enough pronunciation
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