What specific hormone genetically activates mitochondria cell energy-producing rate for endurance?
The influence of Thyroid Hormone (T3) on respiration is partly mediated via its effect on the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) enzyme, a multi-subunit complex within the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Researchers compared the expression of COX subunits I, III, Vb, and VIc and thyroid receptors (TR)1 and TR1 with functional changes in COX activity in tissues that possess high oxidative capacities. In response to 5 days of T3 treatment, TR1 increased 1.6-fold in liver, whereas TR1 remained unchanged. T3 also induced concomitant increases in the protein and mRNA expression of nuclear-encoded subunit COX Vb in liver, matched by a 1.3-fold increase in binding to a putative thyroid response element (TRE) within the COX Vb promoter in liver, suggesting transcriptional regulation. In contrast, T3 had no effect on COX Vb expression in heart. T3 produced a significant increase in COX III mRNA in liver but decreased COX III mRNA in heart. These changes were matched by parallel alterations in mitochon
