What routes of medication administration do not nullify fasting?
The compatibility of fasting with the various drug administration routes and their appropriateness to the patient health during Ramadan remains a matter for the doctors own judgment. The following are a list of routes that do not nullify fasting according to majority of religious and medical experts. Eye and ear drops All substances absorbed into the body through the skin, such as creams, ointments, and medicated plasters Insertion into the vagina of pessaries, medical ovules, and vaginal washes Injections through the skin, muscle, joints, or veins, with the exception of intravenous feeding. Oxygen and anesthetic gases Nitroglycerin tablets placed under the tongue for the treatment of angina, according to some references. Mouthwash, gargle, or oral spray, provided nothing is swallowed into the stomach. Nose drops, nose sprays, and inhalers Anal enemas and suppositories according to some references. General anesthesia during Surgery, if the patient decide to fast. Should dosage schedule
