What references are available that describe lime-based and other options for flue gas desulfurization (FGD) and compare costs of leading systems?
A good general reference produced by US EPA, Controlling SO2 Emissions: A Review of Technologies, is available through the National Technical Information Service ([EPA/600/R-00/093, Order No. PB2001-101224; Telephone: 703-605-6000; 800-553-6847 U.S. only]. Leading FGD systems for large industrial or power generating plants are wet lime FGD, dry lime FGD, and wet limestone FGD. Lime-based systems have lower equipment costs than limestone-based systems. Wet lime systems are suited for flue gases with all ranges of sulfur dioxide content up to 10000 parts per million by volume of sulfur dioxide and where up to 99% sulfur removal is required. Dry lime systems have the lowest equipment costs and are suited for flue gases with less than 1500 parts per million by volume of sulfur dioxide and where up to 94% sulfur removal is required.
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