What Psychological Tests Were Used to Examine Negative Affect, Positive Affect, and Health and Well-Being?
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, Beck, 1967; Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996) was used to help determine the level or severity of depressive reports. This tool is one of the most utilized research and clinical tools to assess depression in the United States today. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI, Derogatis & Meliseratos, 1983) was used to assess psychological symptoms including depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, and hostility. The Fantasy-Empathy Scale (Stotland et al., 1978) is a well-known scale to assess empathy. The Forgiveness Scale (Wade, 1989) was used to determine how easily respondents were able to allow faults and flaws in real life examples to adversely affect their judgment. The Emotional Intelligence Scale (Schutte et al., 1998) assesses the subject’s understanding of their own emotions and those of others. The Mastery Scale (Ryff & Heincke, 1983) was used to determine an individual’s sense of control. The Religious Experiences Scale (Hills
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