What preceded?
In the time of the iconoclasts, the Lombards took Ravenna (751). Rome accused Constantinople. With this, the dispute between the Emperor, Leo III, and the Pope, Gregory II, regarding the christological “icons – yes or no?”, took on even greater political dimensions. Rome turned its back on the Byzantine Empire. The epilogue is well-known: the enraged curia enthroned Charlemagne (800); the Patriarchate took over Illyricum -the central part of the Balkans – as far as Thessaloniki from the Popes. The Byzantine Empire established a new military and administrative unit: the theme of Macedonia (789-802). Situated in western Thrace with Edirne (Hadrianopolis) for its centre, the new Byzantine Macedonia reflected nothing but impotence; the old one remained in the hands of the Slavs. Thus it does not come as any surprise that the Slavs were one of the Empire’s greatest concerns. In the 7th century, immediately after their arrival, they shattered the imperial rule, from the Danube to the souther
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