What leads to fragmentation, which makes hard drive recovery difficult?
The operating system picks certain pieces of data when the system calls for related applications or programs and then write these data back when they are not in use. Hence, over a period of time, depending on where on the hard drive free space is available, data slowly gets fragmented. For instance, a big file may be stored at four or five different locations on the drive, because at that particular point in time when the operating system was writing the data back, the allocation of free space allowed only such a fragmented distribution. In case of a hard drive crash, recovery of these files, which are fragmented/scattered all over the disk, becomes a difficult task, especially if the partition and file system on the disk is damaged. A small but important thing to know is that frequent installation and un-installation of software as well as frequent copying and deletion of files on the hard drive is one of the important factors that lead to file fragmentation.
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