What languages belong to the Finno-Ugrian language family?
The Finno-Ugrian or Uralic (like Tapani Salminen, I use these two words as synonyms) language family consists of the following branches: • Finnic (“Baltic Finnic”) languages: Finnish and its closest relatives: Karelian, Ludian, Vepsian, Ingrian, Votian, Estonian, Livonian • Sámi (“Lappish”): some ten languages, the greatest of which is Northern Sámi (“Norwegian Lapp”, “Fjell Lapp”) • Mordvin: two standard languages: Erzya and Moksha • Mari (“Cheremis”): two standard languages, Western (Hill Mari or Mountain Mari) and Eastern (Meadow Mari). The Mordvin and Mari branches are sometimes bundled together as “Volgaic languages”, although they are not especially closely related. • Permian languages: • Komi (“Zyryan”, “Syrian”, “Siryene” and numerous other spellings [sigh!]); a distinct language is Permyak (Komi Permyak, Permian Komi) • Udmurt (“Votyak”, in international sources this ethnonym is often unhappily confused with Votic or Votian of the Finnic branch) • Ugric languages: • Hungarian
