What kinds of jobs do astronomers get?
After getting their doctoral degree, most astronomers take a number of short term jobs called “postdocs” which last a two years or so each. During this time, they’re doing research and publishing papers to establish themselves. After some number of postdocs, they can then find a position on the faculty of a college or university, where they teach and do research, or they can get a position at a research institution. I’ve also known a couple of PhD’s who got faculty positions right out of graduate school.