What kind of united work can be established between Marxists and ecologists?
JBF: I think it is important to recognize that Marxists and ecologists are not entirely different groups. Of course it is true that there have been Reds who have been anti-ecological, and Greens who have been anti-Marxist. But it is not uncommon for the two to overlap, and increasingly to converge. Many socialists are environmentalists and many environmentalists are socialists. Indeed, there is a sense in which Marxism and ecology, both classically and today, lead to the same conclusion. For Marx, the goal was the creation of a society in which the metabolic relation between humanity and nature (i.e. production) was rationally regulated by the associated producers. The original title of my book that you refer to was supposed to be Marx and Ecology, but I changed it to Marx’s Ecology because of the depth of Marx’s ecological conceptions. I would argue that a critical Marxist approach, especially in our time, requires an ecological worldview, while a critical human ecology requires an an
