What kind of training is necessary to comply with PHS Policy, and how frequently should it be provided?
The institution is responsible for the training of its staff. The size and nature of institutional research programs varies significantly and accounts for the corresponding variation in the scope and depth of instructional programs and the frequency at which they are offered. At a minimum, the PHS Policy and Guide require institutions to: • ensure that individuals who use or provide care for animals are trained and qualified in the appropriate species-specific housing methods, husbandry procedures, and handling techniques; • ensure that research staff members performing experimental manipulation, including anesthesia and surgery, are qualified through training or experience to accomplish such procedures humanely and in a scientifically acceptable fashion; • provide training or instruction in research and testing methods that minimize the number of animals required to obtain valid results and minimize animal distress; • ensure that professional staff whose work involves hazardous biolog
