What is “timing”?
A motor’s timing is the position o its brushes relative to its magnets. When brushes are perfectly centered over the magnets, the motor has zero timing. When you rotate the endbell (and the brushes) in the direction in the direction opposite the motor’s rotation, the timing is “advanced”. When the endbell is rotated beyond the zero-degree mark in the same direction as the motor’s rotation, the timing is “retarded”.
