What is the substrate material/byproduct from brewing beer called?
The only name I can think of for this is the “yeast cake” which forms as the yeast floculates (dies) and sinks to the bottom of the batch. I’m not sure if there is another name for it or not. It can harm the flavour of the beer if the batch is left to sit on the yeast cake for too long – dead yeast can sometimes add off-flavours to the beer. Beer “on lees” is a term used to describe an unfiltered beer that contains living yeast in the bottle to both carbonate the beer and add a certain flavour.