What is the risk of cytokine release and how can it be treated?
The use of anti-metabolite medications can result in a rapid release of cytokines. Patients should be monitored for early signs and symptoms of cytokine release, such as hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and pulmonary edema. Prophylactic steroids (e.g. 100 mg/m2 hydrocortisone on days 1 through 3) may be of benefit in preventing the signs and symptoms of cytokine release. Cytokine release can progress into more serious conditions, such as SIRS and capillary leak syndrome—and, ultimately, organ failure. Clolar should be discontinued immediately in the event of clinically significant signs and symptoms of SIRS or capillary leak, either of which can be fatal, and the use of steroids, diuretics and albumin considered.
