What is the relative emphasis on procedural and conceptual knowledge in mathematics instruction?
• How does the use of concrete objects and sensory representations aid in the understanding of number? • What is the role of calculators, computers and other technology in mathematics education? • What is the need for individualized interventions when children are falling behind? Recent Research Findings 1. What is the relative emphasis on procedural and conceptual knowledge in mathematics instruction? There have been many debates in a number of countries over the years concerning whether mathematics instruction should place greater emphasis on the rote learning of procedures and facts or on understanding concepts. The former is often regarded as ‘traditional’ and the latter as ‘modern’. In general, more recent educators and curricula have placed greater emphasis on conceptual knowledge. Piaget’s theories were influential here, as they emphasized the importance of children acting as active explorers, rather than passive learners; and subsequent ‘constructivist’ theories have argued tha
