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What is the recommended aeration rate for microbial and cell culture applications?

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What is the recommended aeration rate for microbial and cell culture applications?

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A. Microbial culture: 0-2 vvm B. Cell culture: Direct aeration via • Ring Sparger: 0.05-0.1 vvm • Micro Sparger: 0,001 – 0,01 vvm • Bubble free aeration: 0,5 – 1 vvm, • pre-pressure 0.8 barg, back pressure 0.5 barg • Overlay: 0.1-1 vvmvvm = volume gas / volume liquid / minute.

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