What is the normal total efficiency for a grid-tied system?
Normal total efficiency including all factors other than tilt, orientation, and shading will typically fall between 65%-80% for most systems, including module temperature and inverter efficiency losses. The best modules (highest PTC to STC ratio) and most efficient inverters will have the least losses. In OnGrid’s opinion, the PV Watts .77 factor (77%) underestimates the losses for most systems, as many modules have much worse performance than PV Watts factors in. It’s important to look at the modules real performance (see: http://www.gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov/equipment/pv_modules.php ). More on PV Watts can be found at: http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/calculators/PVWATTS/version1/ . The California Energy Commission has produced “A Guide To Photovoltaic (PV) System Design And Installation” available at: http://www.energy.ca.gov/reports/2001-09-04_500-01-020.PDF and is an excellent overview of system design considerations.
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